The bacterium belonging to the kingdom Bacteriaceae, are the smallest living things that exist and given their limited genetic material, becomes one of the most adaptable beings on the planet. We can well understand their evolutionary success and survival to the present. There are three types of bacteriums: the Gramm, the Gram-and mycobacterium.
All of them have colonized even the most extreme environments (deserts, poles, salt ...) as they are able to metabolize many substances in different conditions. In the middle of s. XX started with the use of batteries to produce compounds Biosintetic. In a few years, described his genome and viruses bacteriophages capable of introducing plasmids (genetic material that bacteria are exchanged). In parallel was developed biotechnology, providing mechanisms for inserting or removing genes in specific sites of chromosomes.
One of the greatest achievements in the medical field has been producing human insulin. Another example is the biosynthesis of biotin or vitamin H, the most important in the hair life. Biotechnology has been applied in different fields, even in the world of cosmetics to obtain more "economic" raw materials such as glycerol or hyaluronic acid. This is obtained bioproduccción many times a metabolic product of industrial waste.
One of the fields that are booming, is the probiotic and / or prebiotic which is to add live bacterium that help with its development to certain physiological processes taking place in a better position. Eg. regulate the biodiversity of the bacterial skin to facilitate its recovery in a case of psoriasis. In practical use requires a registration pharmacist and protocols well described in the current legislation. An alternative is to produce useful molecules eg. for skin dysfunctions because all bacteria containing antioxidants, minerals, vitamins ... and simply need to know the quantity and types of substances they contain.
Each species has a multitude of bacterial strains, which means that not all individuals of the same kind manufactured the same substances.
It is important therefore to know what bacteriums we use and where we get. As a curiosity, in the human body have been identified on 10% of all species and strains of bacteria existing in the soil only 1% of the diversity in the ocean and have been described only 0001%. And in conclusion, in order to find new active ingredients, we need to know which products are to be incorporated and with what aim to find solutions in the tiny world of bacteria.
After the end of the world, the bacteriums survive?
Silvia Artesero
